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The cur­rent coali­tion agree­ment calls for the intro­duc­tion of a nati­on­wide lan­guage assess­ment for all four-year-olds. It sta­tes: “To ensure a healthy upbrin­ging and equal oppor­tu­ni­ties for all child­ren in Ger­many, we will intro­duce man­da­tory par­ti­ci­pa­tion by all four-year-olds in a nati­on­wide assess­ment of lan­guage and deve­lo­p­men­tal skills, agreed upon with the sta­tes. If a need for sup­port is iden­ti­fied, we expect the sta­tes to imple­ment appro­priate, man­da­tory sup­port mea­su­res and pro­grams.” But does this really pro­mote equal opportunities? 

Sci­en­ti­fic Classification

Against this back­drop, Prof. Dr. Timm Albers and Dr. Sey­ran Bos­tancı have published a sci­en­ti­fic state­ment in which they assess the plan­ned mea­su­res based on cur­rent rese­arch fin­dings. Their ana­ly­sis focu­ses on the ques­tion of whe­ther man­da­tory lan­guage scree­nings, fol­lo­wed by pre­school clas­ses or addi­tio­nal sup­port mea­su­res, are in fact effec­tive in streng­thening lan­guage deve­lo­p­ment in the long term. 

Among other things, the aut­hors point out the risk that man­da­tory lan­guage scree­nings might not reduce exis­ting ine­qua­li­ties but rather exa­cer­bate them, as they carry the risk of fur­ther sel­ec­tion bias in child­ren’s edu­ca­tio­nal trajectories.

At the same time, there is a risk that lin­gu­i­stic diver­sity will be hastily labe­led as a defi­cit. Mul­ti­l­in­gual child­ren, in par­ti­cu­lar, are at risk of being eva­lua­ted based on mono­lin­gual stan­dards, even though their lin­gu­i­stic deve­lo­p­ment is often more com­plex and dynamic. 

Ano­ther point of cri­ti­cism con­cerns the effec­ti­ve­ness of the pro­po­sed sup­port frame­work. Rese­arch shows that sup­ple­men­tary lan­guage sup­port measures—separate from regu­lar edu­ca­tio­nal activities—have not yet pro­vi­ded con­vin­cing evi­dence of effec­ti­ve­ness. Sus­tainable lan­guage deve­lo­p­ment does not result from early track­ing, but rather from high-qua­lity edu­ca­tio­nal oppor­tu­ni­ties in ever­y­day life. 

Lan­guage edu­ca­tion requi­res a sup­port­ive environment

Ins­tead of addi­tio­nal scree­ning tools, Albers and Bos­tancı advo­cate for streng­thening the frame­work con­di­ti­ons in early child­hood edu­ca­tion. Child­ren acquire lan­guage pri­ma­rily through a variety of dia­lo­gic spea­king oppor­tu­ni­ties in ever­y­day edu­ca­tio­nal set­tings. To ensure that these oppor­tu­ni­ties are desi­gned in a tar­ge­ted and sus­tainable man­ner, edu­ca­tors need favorable conditions—in par­ti­cu­lar, suf­fi­ci­ent time to prepare for and fol­low up on lan­guage-pro­mo­ting acti­vi­ties, as well as to create a lin­gu­i­sti­cally sti­mu­la­ting environment. 

The full sci­en­ti­fic state­ment by Prof. Dr. Timm Albers and Dr. Sey­ran Bostancı: